ืื—ื•ื–ืช ื•ืจื ื•ืŸ (Mount Vernon) โ€“ ืžืงื•ื ืžื’ื•ืจื™ื• ืฉืœ ื”ื ืฉื™ื ื”ืืžืจื™ืงื ื™ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ - ื’'ื•ืจื’' ื•ื•ืฉื™ื ื’ื˜ื•ืŸ
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  • ืคื•ืจื˜ืœ ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ืฉื•ืจืฉื™ื ื•ืขืกืงื™ื ืœื‘ื ื™ ื•ื‘ื ื•ืช 50 ืคืœื•ืก

ืื—ื•ื–ืช ื•ืจื ื•ืŸ (Mount Vernon) โ€“ ืžืงื•ื ืžื’ื•ืจื™ื• ืฉืœ ื”ื ืฉื™ื ื”ืืžืจื™ืงื ื™ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ - ื’'ื•ืจื’' ื•ื•ืฉื™ื ื’ื˜ื•ืŸ

ืขื•ื“ื›ืŸ: 29 ื‘ืื•ืงืณ 2020

ืื—ื•ื–ืช ื•ืจื ื•ืŸ ื‘ื•ื•ื™ืจื’'ื™ื ื™ื” ืฉื™ืžืฉื” ื›ื‘ื™ืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ื ืฉื™ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช ื‘ืžืฉืš ืœืžืขืœื” ืž-40 ืฉื ื”. ื”ื•ื ื”ืจื—ื™ื‘ ืื•ืชื”, ื•ื”ืชื’ื•ืจืจ ื‘ื” ืขื ืืฉืชื• ืžืจืชื” ื•ื”ืžืฉืคื—ื” ื’ื ื‘ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื• ืืช ื”ืขื ื”ืืžืจื™ืงื ื™.


ื’'ื•ืจื’' ื•ื•ืฉื™ื ื’ื˜ื•ืŸ (1732 โ€“ 1799) ื‘ื—ืจ ืœื’ื•ืจ ื‘ืžืื•ื ื˜ ื•ืจื ื•ืŸ, ืื—ื•ื–ื” ื‘ืฉื˜ื— ืขื ืง ื‘ื•ื•ื™ืจื’'ื™ื ื™ื”, ืื•ืชื” ื—ื›ืจ ื‘ืชื—ื™ืœื” ืžืืœืžื ืช ืื—ื™ื• ื”ื—ื•ืจื’ ืœื•ืจื ืก, ืฉื”ื•ืจื™ืฉื” ืœื• ืื•ืชื” ืœืื—ืจ ืžื•ืชื”. ื”ื•ื ื”ื’ื“ื™ืœ ื•ื˜ื™ืคื— ืื•ืชื” ื•ืืฃ ื ืคื˜ืจ ื‘ืื—ื“ ืžื—ื“ืจื™ื” ื•ื ืงื‘ืจ ืฉื ื•ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ, ื›ืฉืืฉืชื• ื ืคื˜ืจื” โ€“ ื ืงื‘ืจื” ืืฃ ื”ื™ื ืฉื.


ืื—ื•ื–ืช ื•ืจื ื•ืŸ ื ืžืฆืืช ื‘ื•ื•ื™ืจื’'ื™ื ื™ื”, ืงืจื•ื‘ ืžืื•ื“ ืœื‘ื™ืจืช ืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช โ€“ ื•ื•ืฉื™ื ื’ื˜ื•ืŸ ื“ื™. ืกื™. ื›ื‘ืจ ื”ื“ืจืš ืืœื™ื”, ืœื’ื“ื•ืช ื ื”ืจ ื”ืคื•ื˜ื•ืžืง, ืžืจื”ื™ื‘ื”. ื”ืื—ื•ื–ื” ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ืžืื•ื“ ื•ืžืชื•ื—ื–ืงืช ื”ื™ื˜ื‘. ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ืจื•ืง ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ื™ื, ืžืกืคืจ ื’ื ื™ื ื™ืคื”ืคื™ื™ื ื•ื‘ืชื™ื ืžื”ืชืงื•ืคื” ืฉืœ ื”ืžืื” ื”-18, ืฉื”ืฉืชืžืจื• ื›ื‘ืขื‘ืจ. ื”ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื”ื•ื ื”ืžื‘ื ื” ื‘ื• ื”ืชื’ื•ืจืจื• ื’'ื•ืจื’' ื•ื•ืฉื™ื ื’ื˜ื•ืŸ ื•ืžืฉืคื—ืชื•.


ื”ืื—ื•ื–ื” ื ืจื›ืฉื” ื‘ื™ื“ื™ ืžืฉืคื—ืช ื•ื•ืฉื™ื ื’ื˜ื•ืŸ ืขื•ื“ ื‘ืกื•ืฃ ื”ืžืื” ื”-17, ื•ืขื‘ืจื” ืœืกื‘ื• ื•ืœืื—ื™ื• ื”ื—ื•ืจื’ ืœื•ืจื ืก, ืฉื ืคื˜ืจ ื‘ื’ื™ืœ ืฆืขื™ืจ. ืื– ื—ื›ืจ ื’'ื•ืจื’' ื•ื•ืฉื™ื ื’ื˜ื•ืŸย  ืืช ื”ืื—ื•ื–ื” ืžืืœืžื ืช ืื—ื™ื• ื•ื˜ื™ืคื— ืื•ืชื” ืขื“ ืฉื ืคื˜ืจื” ื•ื”ื•ืจื™ืฉื” ืœื• ืื•ืชื” ื‘ืฉื ืช 1754.


ื‘ื ื™ืŸ ื”ืื—ื•ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ืงื˜ืŸ ื‘ืชื—ื™ืœื”, ืืš ื•ื•ืฉื™ื ื’ื˜ื•ืŸ ื”ื’ื“ื™ืœ ืื•ืชื” ืžืกืคืจ ืคืขืžื™ื ื•ื”ื™ื•ื ืงื™ื™ืžื™ื ื‘ื” ื›-15 ื—ื“ืจื™ื, ื›ื•ืœืœ ืžื˜ื‘ื—ื™ื, ื—ื“ืจื™ ืื•ื›ืœ ื•ื—ื“ืจื™ ืžื’ื•ืจื™ื ื•ืื™ืจื•ื—. ื•ื•ืฉื™ื ื’ื˜ื•ืŸ, ืฉื”ื™ื” ืžื•ื›ืฉืจ ืœื ืจืง ื‘ืืกื˜ืจื˜ื’ื™ื•ืช ืœื—ื™ืžื”, ืืœื ื’ื ื‘ื—ืงืœืื•ืช ื•ื‘ืชื—ื•ืžื™ื ื ื•ืกืคื™ื, ืฆื™ืคื” ืืช ื”ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืขืฅ ื‘ืขื™ื‘ื•ื“ ืžื™ื•ื—ื“, ืฉื ืชืŸ ืœื• ืžืจืงื ืฉืœ ื‘ื™ืช ืื‘ืŸ ื•ื ืฉืžืจ ื›ืš ืขื“ ืœื™ืžื™ื ื•. ื•ื•ืฉื™ื ื’ื˜ื•ืŸ ื”ืชื’ื•ืจืจ ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืขื“ ืœืžื•ืชื• ื‘ืฉื ืช 1799, ื”ื•ื ื ืงื‘ืจ ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื•ื›ืŸ ืจืขื™ื™ืชื• ืžืจืชื”, ืฉื ืคื˜ืจื” ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืฉื ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื•, ื‘ืฉื ืช 1802.


ื•ื•ืฉื™ื ื’ื˜ื•ืŸ ืœื ืขื–ื‘ ืืช ืื—ื•ื–ืช ื•ืจื ื•ืŸ ื’ื ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื• ื‘ืฆื‘ื ืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช. ื”ื•ื ื ื™ื”ืœ ืžืžื ื” ืืช ืžืœื—ืžืช ื”ืขืฆืžืื•ืช ื”ืืžืจื™ืงื ื™ืช ื‘ืจืืฉ ื”ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ื”ืœื•ื—ืžื™ื, ื‘ืื—ื•ื–ื” ื—ื’ื’ ืืช ื ื™ืฆื—ื•ื ื• ืขืœ ื”ืื ื’ืœื™ื ื•ื”ืชื’ื•ืจืจ ื‘ื” ืืฃ ื‘ืชืงื•ืคืช ื›ื”ื•ื ืชื• ื›ื ืฉื™ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช ื‘ืžืฉืš 3 ื›ื”ื•ื ื•ืช.


ื•ื•ืฉื™ื ื’ื˜ื•ืŸ ื”ืชื’ื•ืจืจ ื‘ืชื—ื™ืœื” ื‘ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืื—ื•ื–ื”, ืืš ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื ื™ืฉื ืœืžืจืชื”, ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืืœืžื ื” ื•ืื ืœ-2 ื™ืœื“ื™ื, ื‘ืฉื ืช 1759, ืขื‘ืจื• ื”ื™ื ื•ื™ืœื“ื™ื”, ืื•ืชื ืื™ืžืฅ ืœื™ืœื“ื™ื•, ืœืื—ื•ื–ื”. ืฉื ืขื‘ืจื• ื˜ืจื’ื“ื™ื•ืช, ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ื‘ืช ื ืคื˜ืจื” ืžืืคื™ืœืคืกื™ื” ื‘ื’ื™ืœ 17 ื•ืžืื•ื—ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื ืคื˜ืจ ื”ื‘ืŸ, ืฉื”ืฉืื™ืจ ืื—ืจื™ื• ืื™ืฉื” ื•ื™ืœื“ื™ื, ืฉื”ืชื’ื•ืจืจื• ื‘ืื—ื•ื–ื” ืืฃ ื”ื. ืœื•ื•ืฉื™ื ื’ื˜ื•ืŸ ื•ืœืžืจืชื” ืœื ื”ื™ื• ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืžืฉืœื”ื ื•ื”ื ื”ื™ื• ื ืฉื•ืื™ื ื›-40 ืฉื ื”.


ื”ืกื™ื•ืจ ื‘ืื—ื•ื–ื”:


ืขื ืงื ื™ื™ืช ื”ื›ืจื˜ื™ืกื™ื, ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ืฉืขืช ื›ื ื™ืกื” ืœืกื™ื•ืจ ื‘ืื—ื•ื–ื”. ืฉื ืžืฉืชืจืš ืชื•ืจ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื›ื“ืื™ ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืžื•ืงื“ื ื‘ื‘ื•ืงืจ. ืžืื•ื“ ืžืงืคื™ื“ื™ื ืขืœ ืฉืขืช ื”ื›ื ื™ืกื” ื•ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ ืงื™ื™ืžืช ื”ืžืชื ื” ืขื“ ืœืกื™ื•ืจ. ืขื•ื‘ืจื™ื ื‘ื›ื•ืœ ื”ื—ื“ืจื™ื, ื‘ื”ื ื”ืฉืชืžืจื• ื”ืจื”ื™ื˜ื™ื ื•ื”ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘ ื›ืคื™ ืฉื”ื™ื” ื‘ืžืงื•ืจ. ื‘ื›ื•ืœ ื—ื“ืจ ื ืžืฆื ืžื“ืจื™ืš ืื—ืจ, ืฉืžืกื‘ื™ืจ ืขืœ ื”ืžืงื•ื. ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืจืื•ืช ื’ื ืืช ื”ื—ื“ืจ ื‘ื• ื ืคื˜ืจ ื•ื•ืฉื™ื ื’ื˜ื•ืŸ ื‘ืžืคืชื™ืข, ื‘ื’ื™ืœ 67 ื‘ืœื‘ื“ ืž...ื“ืœืงืช ื’ืจื•ืŸ ืฉื”ืกืชื‘ื›ื” ื•ื”ืจืคื•ืื” ืฉืœ ืกื•ืฃ ื”ืžืื” ื”-18 ืœื ื”ืฆืœื™ื—ื” ืœื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ ืืชื”. ืืฉืชื•, ืžืจืชื”, ืœื ื”ืกื›ื™ืžื” ืœื”ื™ืฉืืจ ื‘ื—ื“ืจ ื”ื–ื” ื•ืขื‘ืจื” ืœื”ืชื’ื•ืจืจ ื‘ื—ื“ืจ ืื—ืจ, ืขื“ ืฉื™ื’ื•ื ื” ื”ื›ืจื™ืข ืื•ืชื” ืœืื—ืจ ื›-3 ืฉื ื™ื ื‘ืœื‘ื“ ื•ื”ื™ื ื ืคื˜ืจื”.


ื‘ื›ื ื™ืกื” ืœืื—ื•ื–ืช ื•ืจื ื•ืŸ ืงื™ื™ื ืžื•ื–ื™ืื•ืŸ ืฉืžื•ืงื“ืฉ ืœื’'ื•ืจื’' ื•ื•ืฉื™ื ื’ื˜ื•ืŸ ื•ืœืคื•ืขืœื• ื•ืžืกืคืจ ืคืกืœื™ื ืžื‘ืจื•ื–ื”, ื‘ืชืœืช ืžืžื“ ื•ืื—ืจื™ื, ื›ื•ืœืœ ืคืกืœ ืฉืœื• ืขื ืืฉืชื• ืžืจืชื” ื•ืฉื ื™ ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื.


ื”ืื—ื•ื–ื”, ื”ืžื•ื–ื™ืื•ืŸ, ื”ืžื‘ื ื™ื, ืงื‘ืจื ืฉืœ ื•ื•ืฉื™ื ื’ื˜ื•ืŸ ื•ืจืขื™ื™ืชื•, ื”ื’ื ื™ื ื•ื”ืžืงื•ื ื”ืคืกื˜ื•ืจืœื™ ืžืจืฉื™ืžื™ื ืžืื•ื“ ื•ืžื•ืžืœืฆื™ื ืœื‘ื™ืงื•ืจ.




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